You can also use mathematical operators to add and remove permissions.Ĭhmod stands for change mode, and it is a basic syntax used to change the permissions of the file: chmod permissions filename Permissions are also represented in numeric form as shown below: These are nine characters created in three sets of three characters: -Įach letter denotes a particular permission: Permissions are defined using octal permissions. You can add, remove, and rename files in the directory with “read” permission.
You can use the -R option with the chown command to change the ownership of the directory recursively.įor example, to change the ownership of the directory /var/www/html to www-data as the user and www-data as the group, run the following command: chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ To change the owner of the file index.html to root and group to root, run the following command: chown root:root /var/www/html/index.html You should get the following output: -rw-r-r- 1 basic syntax to change the ownership of the file is shown below: chown owner:group filename To display the ownership of the file index.html in /var/www/html directory, run the following command: ls -l /var/www/html/index.html Owners are denoted with the following symbols: Other: All users and groups in the system are considered as “others.”.Group: Every user is a part of the specific “group.” A group contains multiple users, all of whom will have the same access permissions to the file.If you create a new file, then you become the owner of the file. User: A “user” is the owner of the file.File OwnershipĮach file and directory has three kinds of owners. For these reasons, Linux divides authorization into two levels, Ownership and Permission.
System administrators are responsible for preventing a user from accessing another user’s confidential files. Linux is a multi-user operating system with multiple users accessing the same system.
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